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Uneven and combined development: a fusion of Marxism and structural realism

机译:不平衡和联合发展:马克思主义的融合 和结构现实主义

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摘要

Although Justin Rosenberg's academic writings have from the very beginning attempted to provide an alternative to neorealism in the form of Trotsky's theory of uneven and combined development (U&CD), his attempts at actually replacing it with a general theory of his own have been relatively recent. His initial attempts raised much interest and several responses. In his latest paper, ‘Basic problems in the theory of uneven and combined development, part II: unevenness and political multiplicity’ (Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 23:1, 2010, 165–189), Rosenberg acknowledges that in actual fact, despite his attempts to provide an alternative to neorealism, his own theory presupposed political multiplicity, and therefore in his latest article he has sought to rectify this by providing an account of the emergence of ‘politically fragmented space’ which is explicitly grounded in historical materialism (Pozo-Martin, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 20:4, 2007, 554). As such, it is to be welcomed. However, this article argues that if we are to accept Rosenberg's theory of the emergence of multiplicity then it must provide a better explanation than other competing accounts. By using an alternative explanation of the rise of the international, this article demonstrates that Rosenberg's paper has failed to do this, and instead argues for the existence of a transhistorical anarchic environment arising from social rather than political multiplicity. However, U&CD is then used to explain both the intra- and inter-societal stratifications (the latter in terms of distributional structure) that arise. Associated with these stratifications is the inextricable intertwining of the modes of production and modes of inter-state competition. From this combination emerges the general tendencies of societal development, which then need to be applied to the concrete circumstances of history. In so doing, we need to account for the different analytical registers of genesis, structure, epoch and conjuncture and the unique concatenation of factors that pertain for each of these (Callinicos, International Politics, 6:3, 2005, 362).
机译:尽管贾斯汀·罗森伯格(Justin Rosenberg)的学术著作从一开始就试图以托洛茨基的不均衡和联合发展理论(U&CD)的形式提供新现实主义的替代选择,但他实际上试图用他自己的一般理论代替它的尝试是相对较新的。他最初的尝试引起了很多兴趣,并做出了一些回应。罗森伯格在他的最新论文“不平衡与联合发展理论中的基本问题,第二部分:不平衡与政治多元化”(剑桥国际事务评论,2010年23:1,165-189),承认事实上,尽管他试图提供一种替代新现实主义的方法,但他自己的理论以政治多样性为前提,因此,在他的最新文章中,他试图通过提供一种基于历史唯物主义的``政治分裂空间''的出现来纠正这一现象( Pozo-Martin,《剑桥国际事务评论》,20:4,2007,554)。因此,这是值得欢迎的。但是,本文认为,如果我们要接受罗森伯格关于多重性出现的理论,那么它必须提供比其他竞争性论据更好的解释。通过使用对国际崛起的另一种解释,本文证明了罗森伯格的论文未能做到这一点,而是主张存在由社会而不是政治多重性引起的跨历史无政府主义环境的存在。但是,U&CD随后被用来解释社会内部和社会之间的分层(后者在分配结构方面)。与这些分层相关的是生产方式和国家间竞争方式之间不可分割的交织。从这种结合中出现了社会发展的总体趋势,然后需要将其应用于历史的具体情况。这样做时,我们需要考虑不同的起源,结构,时期和结合的分析记录,以及与这些因素有关的独特因素串联(Callinicos,International Politics,6:3,2005,362)。

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    Glenn, John;

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